フランス語日記翻訳【159】
昨日はすでにお昼から降り始め、会社の方から早く帰ることをうながされ4時には帰ることになったのですが、すでに車には降り積もっており若干悪夢がよみがえりました。
Hier, la neige a commencé à tomber vers midi. Mon entreprise nous a encouragés à partir plus tôt, alors je suis rentré chez moi à 16 h—mais la neige s’était déjà accumulée sur ma voiture, ravivant de mauvais souvenirs.
解説
### **Sentence 1:**
**”Hier, la neige a commencé à tomber vers midi.”**
**Meaning:** Yesterday, the snow started falling around noon.#### **Grammar Breakdown:**
1. **”Hier,”** – **Adverb (temporal marker)**
– **”Hier”** → Adverb meaning **”yesterday”**, indicating past time.2. **”la neige”** – **Subject (noun phrase)**
– **”la”** → Definite article (**”the”**) agreeing in gender (feminine) with “neige”.
– **”neige”** → Feminine noun meaning **”snow”**, serving as the subject of the sentence.3. **”a commencé”** – **Verb phrase (passé composé)**
– **”a”** → Auxiliary verb (“avoir”) in **present** tense.
– **”commencé”** → Past participle of **”commencer”** (“to begin”).
– **Passé composé** is used here because the action **started at a specific past moment**.4. **”à tomber”** – **Infinitive construction**
– **”à”** → Preposition introducing an infinitive verb.
– **”tomber”** → Infinitive verb meaning **”to fall”**.
– The structure **”commencer à + infinitive”** means **”to begin to do something”**.5. **”vers midi”** – **Prepositional phrase (approximate time marker)**
– **”vers”** → Preposition meaning **”around”** (approximate time).
– **”midi”** → Noun meaning **”noon”**.✅ **Summary:** The sentence describes a past event (snowfall starting at noon) using **passé composé** and an **infinitive phrase**.
—
### **Sentence 2:**
**”Mon entreprise nous a encouragés à partir plus tôt,”**
**Meaning:** My company encouraged us to leave early.#### **Grammar Breakdown:**
1. **”Mon entreprise”** – **Subject (possessive noun phrase)**
– **”Mon”** → Possessive adjective (**”my”**), agreeing with **”entreprise”** (feminine).
– **”entreprise”** → Feminine noun meaning **”company/business”**, acting as the subject.2. **”nous”** – **Direct object pronoun (first-person plural)**
– **”nous”** → **”us”**, referring to the employees receiving encouragement.3. **”a encouragés”** – **Verb phrase (passé composé)**
– **”a”** → Auxiliary verb (“avoir”) in **present** tense.
– **”encouragés”** → Past participle of **”encourager”** (“to encourage”).
– **Passé composé** is used because the action occurred at a specific past moment.
– **”Encouragés” agrees in gender/number with “nous” (plural masculine/feminine).**4. **”à partir”** – **Infinitive construction (purpose clause)**
– **”à”** → Preposition introducing an infinitive verb.
– **”partir”** → Infinitive verb meaning **”to leave”**.5. **”plus tôt”** – **Adverbial phrase (time marker)**
– **”plus tôt”** → Comparative adverb meaning **”earlier”**.✅ **Summary:** The sentence describes an action completed in the past (company encouraged employees) using **passé composé**, **an infinitive**, and **a comparative adverb**.
—
### **Sentence 3:**
**”alors je suis rentré chez moi à 16 h”**
**Meaning:** So I went home at 4 PM.#### **Grammar Breakdown:**
1. **”alors”** – **Adverb (logical connector)**
– **”alors”** → Adverb meaning **”so/then”**, linking the cause (company encouraged leaving early) with the effect (going home at 4 PM).2. **”je suis rentré”** – **Verb phrase (passé composé)**
– **”je”** → Subject pronoun (“I”).
– **”suis”** → Auxiliary verb (“être”) in **present** tense.
– **”rentré”** → Past participle of **”rentrer”** (“to go home, to return”).
– **Passé composé is used to describe a completed past action.**3. **”chez moi”** – **Prepositional phrase (location marker)**
– **”chez”** → Preposition meaning **”to the house of”**.
– **”moi”** → Strong pronoun meaning **”me/myself”**, reinforcing possession (**”to my home”**).4. **”à 16 h”** – **Prepositional phrase (time marker)**
– **”à”** → Preposition indicating **exact time**.
– **”16 h”** → “16 heures” (4 PM).✅ **Summary:** The sentence presents a **past action (going home)** with **passé composé**, a **preposition of place (“chez moi”)**, and a **time marker**.
—
### **Sentence 4:**
**”mais la neige s’était déjà accumulée sur ma voiture, ravivant de mauvais souvenirs.”**
**Meaning:** But the snow had already piled up on my car, bringing back some bad memories.#### **Grammar Breakdown:**
1. **”mais”** – **Conjunction (contrast marker)**
– **”mais”** → Conjunction meaning **”but”**, signaling contrast.2. **”la neige”** – **Subject (noun phrase)**
– **”la”** → Definite article (“the”).
– **”neige”** → Feminine noun (“snow”).3. **”s’était accumulée”** – **Verb phrase (plus-que-parfait)**
– **”s'”** → Reflexive pronoun (“itself”), indicating **self-action**.
– **”était”** → Auxiliary verb (“être”) in **imparfait** tense.
– **”accumulée”** → Past participle of **”s’accumuler”** (“to accumulate, to pile up”).
– **Plus-que-parfait** is used here because the snow accumulation **happened before the main event (going home at 4 PM)**.
– **The past participle “accumulée” agrees with “neige” (feminine singular).**4. **”déjà”** – **Adverb (temporal marker)**
– **”déjà”** → Means **”already”**, showing the accumulation had occurred **before another action**.5. **”sur ma voiture”** – **Prepositional phrase (location marker)**
– **”sur”** → Preposition meaning **”on”**.
– **”ma voiture”** → Possessive noun phrase (“my car”).6. **”ravivant de mauvais souvenirs.”** – **Present participle clause (expressing consequence)**
– **”ravivant”** → Present participle of **”raviver”** (“to revive”).
– **”de mauvais souvenirs”** → Noun phrase (“bad memories”).
– **Present participle (“ravivant”) explains the consequence of the snow piling up (reviving bad memories).**✅ **Summary:** The sentence uses **plus-que-parfait** to describe **an earlier event (snow accumulation)**, followed by a **present participle clause** to explain its emotional effect.