ドイツ語日記翻訳【159】

昨日はすでにお昼から降り始め、会社の方から早く帰ることをうながされ4時には帰ることになったのですが、すでに車には降り積もっており若干悪夢がよみがえりました。

Gestern begann es gegen Mittag zu schneien. Meine Firma ermutigte uns, früher zu gehen, also fuhr ich um 16 Uhr nach Hause—doch der Schnee hatte sich bereits auf meinem Auto gesammelt und weckte einige unangenehme Erinnerungen.

解説

### **Sentence 1:**
**”Gestern begann es gegen Mittag zu schneien.”**
**Meaning:** Yesterday, it started snowing around noon.

#### **Grammar Breakdown:**
1. **”Gestern”** – **Temporal adverb**
– Means **”yesterday”**, setting the time frame in the past.

2. **”begann”** – **Main verb (Präteritum, past tense of “beginnen”)**
– “Beginnen” = **”to begin/start”**
– **Präteritum (simple past)** is used here because the event is completed in the past.
– Subject of the verb: **”es”** (impersonal pronoun, referring to the weather).

3. **”es”** – **Impersonal subject pronoun**
– Refers to the weather (snowfall).
– German often uses “es” for weather-related verbs.

4. **”gegen Mittag”** – **Prepositional phrase (time marker)**
– **”gegen”** = “around” (approximate time).
– **”Mittag”** = “noon.”

5. **”zu schneien”** – **Infinitive clause**
– “zu + infinitive” is used with verbs like **”beginnen”** to indicate an action starting.
– **”schneien”** = “to snow.”

✅ **Summary:** The sentence describes a **past event** (the beginning of snowfall) using **Präteritum** and an **infinitive phrase**.

—

### **Sentence 2:**
**”Meine Firma ermutigte uns, früher zu gehen,”**
**Meaning:** My company encouraged us to leave earlier.

#### **Grammar Breakdown:**
1. **”Meine Firma”** – **Subject (possessive noun phrase)**
– **”Meine”** → Possessive adjective (“my”), agreeing with **”Firma”** (feminine).
– **”Firma”** → Feminine noun meaning **”company”**, acting as the subject.

2. **”ermutigte”** – **Main verb (Präteritum, past tense of “ermutigen”)**
– “Ermutigen” = **”to encourage”**
– Präteritum used for a completed action in the past.

3. **”uns”** – **Direct object pronoun (accusative case)**
– Means **”us”**, referring to the employees receiving encouragement.

4. **”früher zu gehen”** – **Infinitive phrase**
– **”früher”** = “earlier” (comparative adverb).
– **”zu gehen”** = “to leave,” using “zu + infinitive.”

✅ **Summary:** The sentence describes **a past encouragement** to leave early using **Präteritum** and an **infinitive clause**.

—

### **Sentence 3:**
**”also fuhr ich um 16 Uhr nach Hause”**
**Meaning:** So I went home at 4 PM.

#### **Grammar Breakdown:**
1. **”also”** – **Adverb (logical connector)**
– Means **”so, therefore”**, linking the encouragement to the decision to go home.

2. **”fuhr”** – **Main verb (Präteritum, past tense of “fahren”)**
– “Fahren” = **”to drive/go (by vehicle)”**
– Used in Präteritum because the action occurred in the past.

3. **”ich”** – **Subject pronoun**
– “I” (performing the action).

4. **”um 16 Uhr”** – **Time marker (prepositional phrase)**
– **”um”** = “at” (used with specific times).
– **”16 Uhr”** = “4 PM.”

5. **”nach Hause”** – **Prepositional phrase (destination)**
– **”nach”** = “to” (used with places but not cities).
– **”Hause”** = “home.”

✅ **Summary:** The sentence describes **a past movement event** using **Präteritum** and **time/place markers**.

—

### **Sentence 4:**
**”doch der Schnee hatte sich bereits auf meinem Auto gesammelt und weckte einige unangenehme Erinnerungen.”**
**Meaning:** But the snow had already piled up on my car, bringing back some unpleasant memories.

#### **Grammar Breakdown:**
1. **”doch”** – **Conjunction (contrast marker)**
– Means **”but, however”**, signaling contrast.

2. **”der Schnee”** – **Subject (noun phrase)**
– **”der”** = Definite article (“the”), agreeing in gender (masculine) with “Schnee.”
– **”Schnee”** = “snow.”

3. **”hatte sich gesammelt”** – **Plusquamperfekt (past perfect)**
– **”hatte”** → Auxiliary verb (“haben”) in imperfect form.
– **”sich”** → Reflexive pronoun (“itself”).
– **”gesammelt”** → Past participle of “sammeln” (“to collect”).
– **Plusquamperfekt** is used because the snow accumulation **happened before another past event (going home).**

4. **”bereits”** – **Adverb (temporal marker)**
– Means **”already”**, indicating a completed action **before the main event**.

5. **”auf meinem Auto”** – **Prepositional phrase (location marker, Dativ case)**
– **”auf”** = “on.”
– **”meinem Auto”** = “my car” (Dativ case).

6. **”und weckte einige unangenehme Erinnerungen.”** – **Second clause (Präteritum)**
– **”weckte”** → Präteritum of **”wecken”** (“to awaken, bring back”).
– **”einige unangenehme Erinnerungen”** → Direct object (“some unpleasant memories”).

✅ **Summary:** The sentence uses **Plusquamperfekt** for a **past event that happened before another** and **Präteritum** for a **past action that followed**.