ロシア語日記翻訳【39】

・先天的な才能
・後天的な才能

врождённый талант
приобретённый талант

解説

## **Врождённый талант** — “Innate talent”

### 🧠 Meaning as a Sentence
When spoken or written alone, _врождённый талант_ functions as a **declarative nominal sentence** — a statement that names or evokes a concept without a verb. It implies something like:
– “Innate talent exists.”
– “This is innate talent.”
– “What we see here is innate talent.”

In Russian, such verbless constructions are common in headlines, titles, philosophical reflections, or poetic lines. The phrase evokes the idea of talent that is present from birth — natural, effortless, and often admired.

### 🧬 Grammar
– **_Врождённый_** is a past passive participle used adjectivally. It comes from _родиться_ (“to be born”), and means “inborn” or “innate.” It’s masculine, singular, nominative.
– **_Талант_** is a masculine noun in the nominative singular. It means “talent” or “gift.”

The adjective agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case — a standard rule in Russian syntax.

### 🧩 Syntax
This is a **noun phrase** in the nominative case, functioning as a **subject** or **predicate** depending on context. In isolation, it’s interpreted as a **nominal sentence** — a sentence without a verb, where the noun phrase carries the full semantic weight.

If expanded into a full sentence, it could become:
– _Это врождённый талант._ — “This is innate talent.”
– _У него врождённый талант._ — “He has innate talent.”

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## **Приобретённый талант** — “Acquired talent”

### 🧠 Meaning as a Sentence
Similarly, _приобретённый талант_ can stand alone as a nominal sentence. It evokes the idea of talent that has been earned — developed through effort, study, or experience. As a standalone utterance, it implies:
– “Acquired talent exists.”
– “This is acquired talent.”
– “What we see here is the result of hard work.”

It’s often used to contrast with _врождённый талант_, especially in discussions about nature vs. nurture, education, or personal growth.

### 🧬 Grammar
– **_Приобретённый_** is a past passive participle from _приобрести_ (“to acquire”). It means “acquired” or “obtained.” It’s masculine, singular, nominative.
– **_Талант_** remains the same — masculine noun, nominative singular.

Again, the adjective agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case.

### 🧩 Syntax
This is another **noun phrase** in the nominative case. As a standalone sentence, it functions identically to _врождённый талант_ — a nominal sentence that implies a broader idea or judgment.

Expanded versions might include:
– _Это приобретённый талант._ — “This is acquired talent.”
– _Он развил приобретённый талант._ — “He developed acquired talent.”

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## 🧠 Philosophical and Stylistic Note

In Russian, the use of **nominal sentences** like these is stylistically powerful. They allow for **compression of meaning**, often used in:
– Titles: _Врождённый талант и путь к успеху_ (“Innate Talent and the Path to Success”)
– Aphorisms: _Врождённый талант — редкость. Приобретённый — достижение._ (“Innate talent is rare. Acquired talent is an achievement.”)
– Poetry or reflection: where the absence of a verb invites interpretation.